Remove Last Git Commit
git reset HEAD~1### If You Want to Remove the Commit and Discard Changes
If you want to remove the last commit and also discard the changes made in that commit, you can use:
git reset --hard HEAD~1### Notes:
– **`HEAD~1`** refers to the commit before the latest one.
– Use `git status` afterward to see the state of your working directory and staging area.
– Be cautious when using `–hard` as it will permanently delete your changes.
### 1. **Remove the Last Commit but Keep Changes Staged**
If you want to undo the last commit but keep the changes in the staging area (so you can make modifications or commit again), use:
git reset --soft HEAD~1### 2. **Remove the Last Commit and Unstage Changes**
If you want to remove the last commit and unstage the changes (but keep them in your working directory), use:
git reset HEAD~1### 3. **Remove the Last Commit and Discard Changes**
If you want to remove the last commit and discard all the changes made in that commit, use:
git reset --hard HEAD~1### 4. **Prevent Further Commits Without Files**
If you're looking to prevent committing specific files in the future, you can use a `.gitignore` file. To do this:
1. Open or create a `.gitignore` file in the root of your repository.
2. Add the filenames or patterns you want to ignore.
For example:
# Ignore specific files
file_to_ignore.txt
*.log### Summary
– Use `git reset –soft HEAD~1` to keep changes staged.
– Use `git reset HEAD~1` to unstage changes.
– Use `git reset –hard HEAD~1` to discard changes.
– Use a `.gitignore` file to prevent committing specific files in the future.
Let me know if you need any further assistance!
### 1. **Find the Commit Hash**
First, identify the commit hash of the commit you want to remove. You can use the following command to view the commit history:
git logThis will display a list of commits along with their hashes and messages. Look for the commit with the message "Latest Markup and Layout changes" and note its hash (e.g., `abc1234`).
### 2. **Remove the Commit**
To remove the commit, you can use the `git reset` command. Depending on whether you want to keep the changes in your working directory or discard them, you can choose one of the following options:
– **To Remove the Commit but Keep Changes in Working Directory:**
git reset abc1234^– **To Remove the Commit and Unstage Changes (but keep them in your working directory):**
git reset --mixed abc1234^– **To Remove the Commit and Discard Changes Completely:**
git reset --hard abc1234^### 3. **Disable Future Commits of Specific Changes**
If you want to prevent committing similar changes in the future, you can add specific files or patterns to your `.gitignore` file as previously mentioned.
### Example
Assuming your commit hash is `abc1234`, if you want to keep the changes in your working directory but remove the commit, you would run:
git reset abc1234^### Important Note
– The `^` symbol after the commit hash indicates that you want to reset to the parent of the specified commit.
– Using `–hard` will permanently delete any changes made in that commit, so be cautious with it.
After completing these steps, you can verify that the commit has been removed by running `git log` again.
Let me know if you need further help!